Analysis

library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggokabeito)   # color-blind-safe (Okabe-Ito) scale
data(penguins)
penguins <- penguins |> filter(!is.na(bill_len), !is.na(bill_dep), !is.na(body_mass))

Body mass by species

ggplot(penguins, aes(species, body_mass, fill = species)) +
  geom_boxplot(show.legend = FALSE) +
  scale_fill_okabe_ito() +
  labs(x = NULL, y = "Body mass (g)")

Figure 1: Body mass by species.

Figure 1 shows that Gentoo penguins are clearly the heaviest of the three species.

Mean measurements

penguins |>
  summarise(
    bill_len = mean(bill_len),
    bill_dep = mean(bill_dep),
    body_mass = mean(body_mass),
    .by = species
  ) |>
  knitr::kable(digits = 1)

Table 1: Mean measurements by species.

species	bill_len	bill_dep	body_mass
Adelie	38.8	18.3	3700.7
Gentoo	47.5	15.0	5076.0
Chinstrap	48.8	18.4	3733.1